 Psychology Glossary and definitions. ("Y")
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Y Chromosome: The 23rd pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes. There are two types of sex chromosomes, an X and a Y. The X chromosome is a sex chromosome that both males and females have (females have two X chromosomes). The Y chromosome is the sex chromosome that contains one gene that signals a series of chemical events to occur during prenatal development, which together, result in the development of a male child. This Y chromosome comes only from the father, so if chromosomes from two women were combined to produce a child, they would be unable to produce a male. Yerkes-Dodson Law of Arousal: This law states that an organism's performance can be improved if that organism is aroused in some manner. However, if the level of arousal increases too much, performance decreases. Of course, this level is different in everyone. An example of this is an athlete who performs better under real game situation than he/she does during practice games. There is more arousal (stress, excitement) during the real games which increases their performance. But, if the pressure becomes too much, their performance can decrease (e.g., missing an easy shot with time running out and losing the game -- choking!). Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three color) Theory: This is a theory of color and how humans perceive color. According to this theory, the human retina contains three different receptors for color (meaning each one is most sensative to one color): one is most sensitive to red, one is most sensitive to green, and one is most sensitive to blue. These color receptors combine the colors to produce the perception of virtually any color. You notice that there are no receptors specific to orange, but by stimulating the right cones in the right way, orange color is produced
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