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India and the World Foreign Affairs, External Security and related matters, Nuclear Policy etc. (Paper II)

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Old 07-19-2007   #1
 
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Smile Mankind Through The Ages : B.C & A.D

MANKIND THROUGH THE AGES B.C & A.D (THE 1ST MILLENNIUM)

AGES : B.C
About 4-3.5million : The First hominid, Australopithecus, appeared in East Africa.
  • 2.5 = homo habits used stone tools in africa
  • 1.7 = first structured habitats built by homo habits.
  • 1.5 = homo erectus lived in East Africa
  • 5,00,000 = homo erectus lived in China
  • 2,00,000 = homo sapiens originated in Africa.
  • 60,000 to 35,000 = Ice-Age land bridge between Asia & Alaska allowed migration from Siberia to Americans.
  • 50,000 = Modern humans in Asia
  • 40,000 = Modern humans in Australia
  • 35,000 = Modern humans in Europe
  • 30,000 = Tools in use in Japan
  • 23,000 = Modern humans in the America.
  • 15,000 = Cave Wall paintings made of Lascanx, France; Agriculture first practised in Egypt; Pottery-making; Jomon culture began in Japan.
  • 9000 = South America settled by peoples from C.America.
  • 8400 = Domesticated dogs in America.
  • 8000 = Mesopotamia & Egypt has reed boats, & NW Europe used dug out canoes; Last glaciers melted in Britain & the climate warmed.
  • 7500 = Goats & Sheep were domesticated in Middle East; first agriculture in SW Asia.
  • 7000 = Walled settlements at Jericho.
  • 6000 = First Farming communities appeared in SE Europe; S.Sweden was inhabited.
A.D - > FIRST MILLENNUIM :
A.D.1 = Gold, Silver, Copper, Lead, Iron, Tin & Mercury known.
  • 37 = Tibertius dies & Caligula succeeds him.
  • 43 = Invasion of Britain by Romans.
  • 57 = 1st Japanese envoys to China.
  • 78 = Books published by Pliny the Elder.
  • 91 = invasion of Mongolia by Hans.
  • 105 = China makes Paper.
  • 106 = Jordan is part of Roman province of Arabia.
  • 122 = Hardian's Wall built in Britain.
  • 175 = Galden, the Greek physician establishes the basic principles of anatomy & physiology.
  • 200 = Huns invade Afghanistan; Boats that can sail across the directions of the wind made by Arabs & Romans; Chemical techniques of solution; Filteration & Distillation known.
  • 226 = Sassanian empire founded in Persia.
  • 330 = Emperor Constantine the Greek Shifts seat of power to Byzantium; renamed Constantinople.
  • 342 = the protectorate of Bosporus destroyed Huns.
  • 360 = Invasions of Europe by Huns.
  • 375 = Kalidasa's Shakuntala appears making Sanskrit drams's glory in India.
  • 400 = 100 years of invasions by Picts,Saxons, Jutes & Angles into Britain begin.
  • 433 = Attila is ruler of the Huns.
  • 452 = Founding of Venice.
  • 490 = Ostrogoths conquer Italy.
  • 500 = Huns again control over NW India.
  • 507 = Visigoths are expelled from France by Franks.
  • 508 = Paris is made capital by Clovis.
  • 525 = Abyssinians conquer Yemen.
  • 534 = N.Africa is reconquered by Byzantines.
  • 539 = War between Byzantines & Persia.
  • 542 = The Plague spreads.
  • 550 = End of Gupta Empire in India.
  • 563 = St. Columba founds a monastery on Lona.
  • 572 = War between Byzantine Empire & Persia.
  • 590 = St. George the Great is elected Pope.
  • 600 = In India, Harsha dynasty in spower; A decimal number system developed.
  • 616 = Khmer Empire founded in SE Asia.
  • 618 = Persians conquer Egypt; Tang dynasty's beginning in China.
  • 633 = Arabs conquer Egypt.
  • 638 = Burma founded.
  • 641 = Arabs conquer Egypt.
  • 644 = China invades Korea.
  • 697 = Arabs destroy Carthage.
  • 700 = Hinduism begins to drive Buddhism from India.
  • 710 = Nara is capital of Japan
  • 711 = Moors invade Spain.
  • 712 = Muslims conquer Sind.
  • 740 = Gurjara dynasty unites N.India & defeats Arabs.
  • 750 = St. Boniface takes Christianity from England into Germany.
  • 751 = the Carolingian dynasty founded, after the last Merovingian King of the Franks is deposed.
  • 760 = Turkish empire founded; Baghdad founded.
  • 771 = Charlemagne conquers Saxony.
  • 794 = the Heian period begins in Japan, with Kyoto as capital.
  • 800 = Rajputs begin to set up Kingdom in India; City of Machu Pichu(Peru) developed.
  • 809 = death of Haroun-al-Rashid, beginning 200 years of Chaos in Arab Empire.
  • 826 = Arabs conquer Crete.
  • 832 = Sicily captured by Saracens.
  • 840 = Dublin founded by Danes.
  • 844 = Scotland unified.
  • 845 = Buddhism proscribed in China.
  • 846 = Rome sacked by Arabs.
  • 850 = the Acropolis of Zimbabwe built in S.Africa
  • 869 = Malta captured by Arabs.
  • 871 = Alfred the Great is King of Wessex
  • 885 = Viking siege of Paris.
  • 899 = King Alfred dies.
  • 907 = Chola power established in S.India; the Five dynaties & Ten Kingdoms period begins in China.
  • 909 = Fatimid dynasty founded in N.Africa.
  • 925 = End of classical Maya Period in Yucatan.
  • 930 = Iceland's parliament first convened.
  • 936 = Otto id King of Germany.
  • 959 = Edger is King of all England
  • 960 = China's Song dynasty begins.
  • 962 = Otto I of Germany is Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 985 = Toltecs control Mexico.
  • 987 = League of Mayan Founded in S.America.
  • 991 = Renewed Viking raids on England.
  • 994 = London besieged by Danes & Norseman.
  • 1000 = Leif Ericsson discovers N.America; Bohemia & Moravia united; Sridhara recognises the importance of the Zero.
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