[Essay Points for] Farmer or Agriculture elated essays

**mrunal** · 02-01-2010

[Essay Points for] Farmer or Agriculture related essays
Original article was written by
Madhav Kopalle (Faculty - Economics and Quantitative Methods) ICFAI National College @Margao-Goa
I’ve only extracted out the points useful to write in the essays.
Contents
social problems1
Cycle of continuous poverty.1
Structural Problems2
Money Lenders2
Education & Research2
Institutional problems3
Political issues3
#1: Domestic3
#2 International3
4 Probable solutions4
kibbutz farming of Israel4
credit facility4
Rythu Bazaar5
Israeli collective farm5
Water Management5
linking of Indian rivers5
Canals5

social problems

· the concept of village self sufficiency broken over period of time.
· modern thinking of land reforms based on the socialist philosophy structure and the implementation frenzy without understanding the implications is today's root cause.
· Indian farmer has unlike the western farmer has been subjugated by the social structure
· Village panchayat in modern days has become more political position rather than catering to farmers needs.
· Political class has taken over the local management institution and converted it into a battlefield where the ultimate suffers have been the farmers.
· blame solely does not lie even with the panchayat too. Increasingly the farmer himself has left the traditional crops and begun growing the cash crops.
· These cash crops require lot of water, manure and pesticide for proper growth.
· farmers and social scientists blame the rain for the problem. Is this the problem of rain or improper land and water management system?

If we observe the statistics during 1980's to 90's we had excellent growth in agriculture where these cash crops have given impressive returns. Most of the crops have been advocated even by our agricultural department without taking into consideration the consequences. These crops in essential have damaged the very soil, drained the groundwater and thereby leading to present crises. Many of the

Cycle of continuous poverty.

· lack of family planning and
· burden of dowry on the bride's father has led to economic decline among many of them.
· Most of the so called kisan unions instead of crying hoarse on free power and free water should instead try to fight for proper management of the above issues.
· Education is lacking in India and by education; trained responsible education that is required for agricultural products is not ordained.

Structural Problems

Money Lenders

· inspite of enough credit lending agencies the farmer still depends upon his neighbour, the moneylender. The compulsion comes from lack of proper documentation required by the established agencies.
· This moneylender is known and is bothered with the repayment of interest only.
· interest charged is so huge, that unknown debt keeps piling up.
· This is inspite that farmer may have paid the money back, but the clever moneylender knows how to cheat and subjugate him.
· Again, for immediate and difficult situations the moneylender becomes easy for quick relief of credit.
· these unscrupulous financiers that are causing havoc across the country
· money lending institution cannot be wiped out for the simple reason that quick relief is obtains by pawning anything worth.
· These people are known, they know you and the fear of losing one's face is the worst fear that drives the poor farmers to moneylender.
Education & Research

· our education in Agriculture is either poor in quality or is based upon the syllabus drawn from the west. Again the subjects that are taught are in general in Nature
· Universities should be given freedom and forced to implement subjects and crops research based on the regions productivity and crops.
· A farmer from Andhra Pradesh will not benefit from studying the so-called west methods of cropping.

After Independence, the emphasis on agricultural development took an industrial turn. Given, Mahatma Gandhi's vision of Gram Swaraj or local self-reliance, K.M. Munshi, India's first agriculture minister, felt the need for soil fertility restoration and water cycle in each village and bioregion.

The planners dream of urban-industrial growth could not be pursued if agricultural surplus came to the cities. They were of the opinion that given to use chemical inputs, farmers would grow marketable produce for enough cash to enable future purchase of such inputs. Of course, huge subsides and easy credit was dangled as incentives. Dwarf hybrids of grain were bought in place of traditional, tall verities that lodged (or bent over) with the use of artificial fertilizer. It is estimated that nearly 100 varieties of indigenous grain have lost or have become irreplacable/extint.

Support prices for such produce were offered. And because
irrigation needs were greatly increased, large dams were built at state expense.
· Unwary farmers could hardly suspect then that the increase in their cash income was at the cost of soil fertility, self-reliance and crop diversity.
· they were hooked to the market economy, while their lands were hooked to the chemicals.
· more and more chemicals were needed with each passing year, just to maintain yields.

Institutional problems

· Interfering political class that have exploited the farmers to their advantage.
· The famous loan melas are an example of misuse by political power and the institutional credit facilities.
· Government of India has setup NABARD, Agricultural societies, agricultural banks for efficient distribution of credit, none of them have lived upto the goals that have been setup for them.
· Institutions over period of time have developed massive problems of corruption, diversion of funds meant for farmers, burgeoning staff that create bureaucratic problems in the obtaining of credit.
· unability of our institutions to have efficient remedy lies inherent within our system of inefficient governance, inefficiency, corruption, lack of will to improve the system has caused the present mess.

Political issues

#1: Domestic

We do not have an efficient crop and agriculture produce policy that could taken care of the produce and its development related to storage, rotation of crop, use of natural resources etc.
We are developing thanks to M.S. Swaminathan's initiative certain varieties in rice, but more needs to be done on other grains and pulses.

#2 International

Vociferous protests against WTO (world Trade Organisation) conference at Honkong recently, has brought to notice the manipulation of the western political arm twisting of international trade. The WTO meeting from its killer polices that create poor conditions for farmers, women, and migrants in many non-western countries, "All the developing world has got is a hollow end date for subsidies in exchange for a bad deal in the rest of agriculture, a bad deal in industry and a bad deal in services,"5 says Dr Walden Bello, Focus on the Global South.

· Farmers in many developed states receive heavy subsidies,
· which makes it hard for poor country farmers - who may be more efficient - to export their goods to the biggest markets.
· European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, or US export subsidies designed to make US farm products cheaper overseas.
· nearly 1 billion $ a day in form of subsidies is being given in these countries.
· Minister Kamalnath has said that there is no level playing field left any more as the EU and US have not budged from their stance and want poorer nations to open up their economies.
· This resembles the mercantilist policies of UK during the colonial period where they restricted Indian imports to raw material and dumped their finished goods, thereby destroying the very self-sufficiency of our villages.

4 Probable solutions

The following measures are immediately necessary to put Indian farmer back walking. The main points are
kibbutz farming of Israel

· On the social issues, land reforms have to be drawn taking into ac- count the condition of the farmer and better sense would develop if we had community farming like kibbutz farming occurring in Israel.
· Kibbutz farming provides ample opportunities for local farming community to share resources and use efficient means of farming.
· The burden of finance would be substantially lowered.
· Although Individual farmer would lose his democratic right over the crop he wants to grow, better sense with respect to financial security and efficient planning would replace the current hapazard system.
· The farmer would be subject to payment in terms of salary and the community would take over the responsibility of managing the resources.
· important reasoning should be the abolishment of agricultural and cooperative societies while dealing directly with Food Corporation of India directly or through Nabard offices.

credit facility

· should be based on single window system and after land verifications,
· panchayat should be responsible for efficient distribution of credit.
· Final produce has to be given support price at Food Corporation Godowns.
· Food Corporation of India, should be made more transparent and efficient and make farmers compulsory selling of produce.
· With recent developments in and transportation, FCI could move from taluka to taluka to pick up the produce during the season when crop is harvested.
· Efficiency is required from government agencies to pick up the produce.

Rythu Bazaar

· promoted by Chandrababu Naidu during his tenure ship as chief minister,
· to promote the idea of direct sale by farmers to customers without involving the middlemen.
· We need such innovation to remove the scourge of Indian Farmers; the problem of middlemen and moneylenders.

Israeli collective farm

· Here people work on voluntary basis. the final produce belongs to community which then sells in the open market.
· Changes could be modified to introduce monetary benefits and guaranteed Job for lifetime and passing it on from father to son.
· This would reduce the debt burden the farmer is currently facing and also remove the stigma attached to him
· This should be taken up at panchayat level and monitored by Nabard.
· Changes are required in agricultural policy to accept such innovations.
Water Management

linking of Indian rivers

· this is an important step in solving water crisis that permeates all our woes.
· The country receives about 4000 km3 of water as precipitation annually1,
· but due to different precipitation patterns and mismanagement, it often leads to wastage.
· Arthur Cotton, who suggested this idea nearly two centuries ago, has now due to recent supreme court judgement put back on track.
· The expert committee has been setup under the auspices of Suresh Prabhu
Canals

· States have to undertake massive canal irrigation system to integrate and restore ground water levels. The State should ban unnecessary groundwater tapping and borewell installation, which is draining way the precious resource.
· canals should have feeder basins and storage basins for future use of the water.
· Water may not be provided free to the farmers,
· but sufficient quantity is provided then the farmer would not mind paying the tariff.
Add your points as well

**vinaydc** · 02-05-2010

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ther; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> One of the things the farmers are facing is the lack of income (from their crops). I.E they are not paid enough for their production of crops by the middle (Market) Business people. The govt should make some changes to the law so that the farmers get a good value for their production or growth of their crop. This can help to solve the problem.

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